Starting Sunday on 5-128 and still requiring 29 runs just to make Australia bat again, India's hopes of pulling off a miracle win went up in smoke almost immediately.
Rishabh Pant, the hero of India's famous win at the Gabba in 2021, fell to Mitchell Starc (2-60) on the last ball of the first over of the day.
The game-changing keeper had looked dangerous batting late on Saturday night, pulling off some typically audacious shots that flew to the boundary.
Veteran Ravi Ashwin, who has scored six Test centuries, fell to Australia captain Pat Cummins (5-57) for just seven.
After taking 2-41 in the first innings, Cummins finished with the 13th five-wicket haul of his Test career.
The star quick could have finished with six wickets, but keeper Alex Carey dropped the first ball Adelaide Oval villain Mohammed Siraj faced.
Siraj became public enemy No.1 after engaging in a heated send-off on dismissing Travis Head following the hometown hero's brilliant 140 in Australia's 337 on Saturday.
Head said he was disappointed with Siraj, and himself, for how the situation escalated.
Siraj hit back at Head's claims he had said "well bowled", calling the middle-order dasher a "liar" during an interview with India's Star Sports on Sunday.
Head took the catch that dismissed Siraj, and ended India's innings, from the bowling of Scott Boland's (3-51).
Emerging allrounder Nitish Kumar Reddy (42) continued the impressive start to his Test career, top-scoring for India for the second time in this Test.
After just two Tests, the 21-year-old is averaging 54.33 with the bat
It has been a superb turnaround in Adelaide for Australia, who were crushed by 295 runs in Perth to begin the five-match series.
Australia will extended their perfect record in day-night Tests at the Adelaide Oval to 8-0.
Such is Australia's dominance with the pink ball on a pace-friendly wicket, star spinner Nathan Lyon was required to bowl just one over for the Test.
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